Candida albicans/Candida tropicalis/Candida glabrata Nucleic Acid Combined Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)

Epidemiology

As the most abundant normal fungal flora in humans, Candida species inhabit the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts, as well as other sites exposed to the external environment. These organisms are typically non-pathogenic and act as opportunistic pathogens. Factors such as widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs, extensive broad-spectrum antibiotics, tumor radiation and chemotherapy, invasive procedures, and organ transplantation can disrupt the normal microbial balance, leading to Candida infections in the genitourinary and respiratory tracts. Among Candida species, C. albicans is the most frequently encountered clinically, while over 16 non-albicans species can cause disease; notably C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei are common. C. albicans is an opportunistic fungus that ordinarily colonizes mucosal surfaces and skin, such as the intestines, oral cavity, and vagina. When host defenses weaken or the microecology becomes disturbed, it can overgrow and trigger infection. C. tropicalis is also an opportunistic pathogen ubiquitous in nature and the human body; with diminished immunity, it may produce skin, vaginal, urinary tract, and even systemic infections.

In recent years, among Candida isolates from candidiasis patients, C. tropicalis has often ranked first or second among non-albicans species. It predominantly affects individuals with leukemia, immunodeficiency, long-term indwelling catheters, or broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. The epidemiology of C. tropicalis infection shows significant geographic variation; in certain regions, its incidence may exceed that of C. albicans. Key pathogenic determinants include hyphae formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm production. C. glabrata is a frequent cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Its colonization and infection rates correlate with age—extremely rare in infants and children but increasing substantially in older populations. The prevalence of C. glabrata is influenced by geographic location, age, population demographics, and fluconazole usage.

Reagent required but not provided

The following reagents are required but not provided:

• Sample Release Reagent
• Viral DNA/RNA Kit and Automatic Nucleic Acid Extractor
• Nucleic Acid Extraction or Purification Kit (YDP302)
• 4% sodium hydroxide or sputasol (mucolytic agent)
• Normal saline, Lysozyme Diluent (20 mM Tris, pH 8.0; 2 mM Na2-EDTA; 1.2% Triton), and Lysozyme (RT401)